Far as I know, without that Arbitrary Weapon hack thing you can’t add new properly level-able weapon ranks.
Weapon types 08 and 0A are unused though (You need to set their IDs in the little text box next to the dropdown menu) and they should show the weapon type’s name, I think the Dragonstone type’s just got nothing in this game since it was tossed in with monster weapons. You ‘could’ also rename and replace the ‘09 Item’ type since it’s not actually used for weapons, but for animations there you’d probably need to set each manually instead of by weapon type.
Good luck! Hopefully you can find answers for the rest of stuff.